The project of the complex for studying ionizing radiation exposure from outer space based on the synchrotron accelerator of protons and various types of ions up to 209Bi is being developed at the Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute ofExperimental Physics (FSUE RFNC - VNIIEF). The accelerator includes two injection complexes (one of which is the source of protons and light ions, the second - heavy ions), the booster accelerator and the main synchrotron. The pulsed type heavy ions linac is being developed at the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” - KCTEF (Kurchatov Complex for Theoretical and Experimental Physics). The ions with mass-to-charge ratio 4÷8 with current of 10 mA will be accelerated up to 4 MeV/u. The linac is proposed, including the RFQ and two DTL sections operating at multiple frequencies. Each DTL section is modular and consists of individually phased H-type resonators (IH-DTLs). Quadrupole lenses located between the resonators for the beam focusing. This DTL structure ensures the accelerator compactness and allows section-by-section configuration and sequential commissioning. 6D beam matching between all sections of the linac is carried out. The results ofbeam dynamics simulation in linear accelerator are presented.

The article describes the control system for a laser source of heavy ions. The control system has a hierarchical multilevel architecture, determined by the hierarchical structure of the laser ion source, and is a part of the control systems of the linear heavy ion injector and the entire synchrotron complex. The article describes the basic requirements for the control system and the general principles of its construction, and the circuitry and software solutions selected in accordance with these requirements and principles, such as: organization of data exchange between individual nodes in the automated control system; determination of algorithms for working with individual devices and subsystems of the ion source, and with the ion source as a unified system; selection of types and structural schemes of controllers of individual subsystems. The hierarchical structure of the automated control system and control subsystems for all the main devices of the laser source are also described.

The RBS experimental set-up has been working in every accelerator session of the U-70 accelerator complex since 2015. The main users of the set-up are radiobiologists and physicians. The direction of research is radiobiological experiments with extracted beams of accelerated carbon ions and preclinical studies aimed at the development of domestic methods of ion therapy. The requirements for irradiation of samples with carbon ions are very high: irradiation uniformity is no worse than 95%, positioning accuracy is no worse than 0.1 mm, dose delivery accuracy is no worse than ±2.5%. The article describes the instruments and devices that are used to support radiobiological experiments at the RBS installation: a plane-parallel ionization chamber, a mosaic ionization chamber, a water phantom with a 3D movement system, a 6-axis table, a degrader, a laser positioning system, clinical dosimeters. Programs for working with this equipment and archiving the data obtained are described.

Currently, the experience in designing installations using extracted carbon ion beams in Russia (the world) is very limited. The medical cabin for ion therapy of channel 26A of the LUCH U-70 project provides a unique opportunity for assessing the effectiveness of biological protection and verifying calculations. The paper presents data from experimental measurements of neutron radiation behind the biological protection of a medical cabin. The data were obtained for two energies of the extracted beam of accelerated carbon nuclei - 400 and 450 MeV/nucleon. The result is compared with the calculation performed using the FLUKA program for a given protection configuration. Good agreement between experimental data and calculations is shown.

The design of the ECR ion source was made for an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. The ion source is considered to be used for producing protons and double charged helium ions. The source construction as well as the separate components design are presented in the study. The operating modes include both ECR and microwave operating regimes. The extraction system with the beamforming was developed. The beam adjustment is implemented by the longitudinal shifting of the electrodes against the plasma electrode position. The performance of the 2.45 GHz waveguide line to provide the stable power injection into the plasma chamber is considered. The numerical simulation of the waveguide line components was made and optimised.

New technologies can be used to further improve the parameters of synchrotron radiation sources. One of them is the use of permanent magnets when creating elements of the magnetic storage system. This will help eliminate the influence of power supply instability and vibrations caused by the operation of the cooling system on the stability of the electron beam position. In addition, the use of permanent magnets will make it possible to increase the aperture of the vacuum chamber and, thus, simplify the vacuum and injection systems of the storage device, as well as increase the threshold instability currents. This work is devoted to the development of two bending magnets, focusing and defocusing, which make up the regular part of the magnetic system of an energy-saving compact synchrotron radiation source. The design and results of magnetic field modeling are presented.

Generation of short electron bunches with high peak current is of great importance for different research and technological applications. Such generation requires a special bunching magnetic system. The paper is an overview of the development of a new magnetic buncher. It consists of the buncher scheme description, the results of magnetic field modeling and reference particle trajectory calculation for the relativistic electrons, and of the description of bending magnets. The buncher provides a strong dependence of the time of flight on the particle energy and thus is capable to bunch relatively long bunches to short ones. Another feature of the buncher is that all electron-optical elements has been made of permanent magnets.

The paper presents the general theory of permanent multipole magnets and describes the design of a Halbach-2 type quadrupole magnet as a final focus lens for colliders and similar projects. Optimal positions of permanent magnet segments and conditions for quadrupole field generation are investigated. Characteristics of the quadrupole such as aperture, gradient, gradient integral, length and number of segments are given. The results of measurements and calculations as well as the possibilities for gradient adjustment are discussed.

At the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” (Kurchatov Complex for Theoretical and Experimental Physics), the pulsed linear resonant heavy ion accelerator is being developed. The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) channel transports the beam from a laser-plasma source of multi-charged ions with an A/Z ratio from 4 to 8 (up to Bi²⁷⁺) to the RFQ. This paper shares the results of the beam dynamics simulation of the LEBT, which ensures the separation of the working fraction of the ion beam and its matching with the RFQ.

A coating of the TiB₂-Ag system was formed through the use of sequential operations of electroexplosive spraying and electron beam processing. The values of electrical conductivity (62.0 MS/m), Vickers microhardness (0.251-0.265 GPa at the point of measurement on a silver matrix and 25-32 GPa at the point of measurement at inclusions of boride phases), nanohardness (4.48 ± 0.76 GPa) were determined), Young’s modulus (116±29 GPa), wear parameter under dry friction-sliding conditions (1.2 mm³/N • m) and friction coefficient (0.5). Switching wear resistance during accelerated tests was 7000 on and off cycles with an electrical resistance of 10.01 - 11.76 LiOhm. The thickness of the coatings is 100 microns. The coatings are formed by a silver matrix with inclusions of titanium borides located in it with three types of sizes: nanocrystalline, submicrocrystalline and microcrystalline. Quantitatively, in the structural composition among titanium borides, titanium diboride and silver (56 wt. %) are formed predominantly (41 wt. %), while other titanium borides account for 3 wt. %. Structural transformations are described using complementary methods of X-ray phase analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy.